User preference aware caching deployment for device-to-device caching networks

Content caching in the device-to-device (D2D) cellular networks can be utilized to improve the content delivery efficiency and reduce traffic load of cellular networks. In such cache-enabled D2D cellular networks, how to cache the diversity contents in the multiple cache-enabled mobile terminals, namely, the caching deployment, has a substantial impact on the network performance. In this paper, a user preference aware caching deployment algorithm is proposed for D2D caching networks. First, the definition of the user interest similarity is given based on the user preference. Then, a content cache utility of a mobile terminal is defined by taking the transmission coverage region of this mobile terminal and the user interest similarity of its adjacent mobile terminals into consideration. A general cache utility maximization problem with joint caching deployment and cache space allocation is formulated, where the special logarithmic utility function is integrated. In doing so, the caching deployment and the cache space allocation can be decoupled by equal cache space allocation. Subsequently, we relax the logarithmic utility maximization problem, and obtain a low complexity near-optimal solution via a dual decomposition method. Compared with the existing caching placement methods, the proposed algorithm can achieve significant improvement on cache hit ratio, content access delay, and traffic offloading gain

Caching deployment algorithm based on user preference in device-to-device networks

In cache enabled D2D communication networks, the cache space in a mobile terminal is relatively small compared with the huge amounts of multimedia contents. As such, a strategy for caching the diverse contents in a multiple cache-enabled mobile terminals, namely caching deployment, will have a substantial impact to network performance. In this paper, a user preference aware caching deployment algorithm is proposed for D2D caching networks. Firstly, based on the concept of the user preference, the definition of user interest similarity is given, in which it can be used to evaluate the similarity of user preferences. Then a content cache utility of a mobile terminal is defined by taking the communication coverage of this mobile terminal and the user interest similarity of its adjacent mobile terminals into consideration. The logarithmic utility maximization problem for caching deployment is formulated. Subsequently, we relax the logarithmic utility maximization problem, and obtain a low complexity near-optimal solution via dual decomposition method. The convergence of the proposed caching deployment algorithm is validated by simulation results. Compared with the existing caching placement methods, the proposed algorithm can achieve significant improvement on cache hit ratio, content access delay and traffic offloading gain

The Development of Preschool Education Achievements, Problems and Policy Recommendations of Tibet

This paper shows the development of preschool education in Tibet through analyzing the statistical data from Statistical Yearbook of National Education, Statistical Yearbook of National Education Funding and Statistical Yearbook of Tibet and field investigations. It is found that the preschool education in Tibet has developed rapidly for the support of government, and achieved the following development effectiveness: education resources have increased; preschool education funding increased rapidly; the development tends to be balanced between urban and rural areas; bilingual education developed rapidly, and more attention is paid to education equality. However, there are still many problems to be solved in the future. The study has indicated that the quality of preschool education in ethnic areas is low, the local government does not play an active role in developing preschool education and the preschool education is unsuitable for local features. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the preschool education in ethnic areas as well as to the quality of the quantity and the theory researches. The government should also develop the bilingual education in Tibetan scientifically.

Fast synchronization of complex dynamical networks with time-varying delay via periodically intermittent control

The fast synchronization problem for a class of complex dynamical networks with time varying delay by means of periodically intermittent control is studied. Based on the finite-time stability theory and periodically intermittent control technique, some sufficient synchronization criteria are obtained to guarantee the fast synchronization. Furthermore, the essential condition for guaranteeing periodically intermittent control realized in finite time is given in this paper. Finally, two examples are illustrated to verify the proposed theoretical results.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/neucom2017-09-30hb2016Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineerin

Neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 suppresses cilia formation by modulating AKT1

Abstract The primary cilium is a microtubule-based sensory organelle. The molecular mechanism that regulates ciliary dynamics remains elusive. Here, we report an unexpected finding that MLN4924, a small molecule inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE), blocks primary ciliary formation by inhibiting synthesis/assembly and promoting disassembly. This is mainly mediated by MLN4924-induced phosphorylation of AKT1 at Ser473 under serum-starved, ciliary-promoting conditions. Indeed, pharmaceutical inhibition (by MK2206) or genetic depletion (via siRNA) of AKT1 rescues MLN4924 effect, indicating its causal role. Interestingly, pAKT1-Ser473 activity regulates both ciliary synthesis/assembly and disassembly in a MLN4924 dependent manner, whereas pAKT-Thr308 determines the ciliary length in MLN4924-independent but VHL-dependent manner. Finally, MLN4924 inhibits mouse hair regrowth, a process requires ciliogenesis. Collectively, our study demonstrates an unexpected role of a neddylation inhibitor in regulation of ciliogenesis via AKT1, and provides a proof-of-concept for potential utility of MLN4924 in the treatment of human diseases associated with abnormal ciliogenesis.https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148214/1/13238_2019_Article_614.pd

Screening of functional antidotes of RNA aptamers against bovine thrombin

AbstractA specific RNA aptamer (T705) against bovine thrombin had been obtained after seven rounds of SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) selection from a random RNA library previously. In order to further investigate the relationship between the structure and function of this aptamer, three truncated RNA aptamers, T705a, T705b and T705c, were designed according to the secondary structure of T705 RNA. Our results showed that T705c keeping the precise stem–loop structure but lacking most of the stem region sequence of T705 could inhibit clot formation in vitro in the same way as its parental form. We also report here that single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) antisense oligonucleotides, c′ and c′-22, which were complementary to different portions of T705c could act as efficient antidotes reversing the inhibitory activity of T705. It is demonstrated for the first time that ssDNA antisense oligonucleotides are potential antidotes of RNA aptamers and this may be an effective, rapid strategy to find antidotes of RNA aptamers which would be of important usefulness in basic research and drug screening